Meneguhkan Moderasi Tanpa Relativisme: Rekonstruksi Etika Ikhtilaf dalam Kitab Raf‘ al-Malām Karya Ibnu Taimiyah
Keywords:
Etika Ikhtilaf; Moderasi Beragama; Relativisme Normatif; Ibnu Taimiyah; Pendidikan IslamAbstract
Perbedaan pendapat (ikhtilāf) dalam Islam merupakan fenomena epistemologis yang dapat memunculkan ketegangan antara penghormatan terhadap keragaman pandangan dan komitmen terhadap kebenaran normatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi etika ikhtilāf dalam kitab Raf‘ al-Malām ‘an al-A’immat al-A‘lām karya Ibnu Taimiyah serta menganalisis relevansinya bagi pengembangan moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan Islam tanpa terjebak dalam relativisme. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan dan analisis isi terhadap teks primer, didukung literatur yang relevan. Data dianalisis melalui kondensasi, penyajian, interpretasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara sistematis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pendapat ulama dapat bersumber dari keterbatasan akses terhadap hadis, perbedaan penilaian validitas riwayat dan pemahaman makna teks, serta pertimbangan penghapusan hukum. Rekonstruksi ini menghasilkan kerangka moderasi yang mengintegrasikan ketelitian epistemologis, penghormatan etis, dan penerapan pedagogis. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa etika ikhtilāf dapat memperkuat pendidikan Islam yang menghargai perbedaan secara proporsional, menghindari fanatisme, dan tetap mengevaluasi pendapat berdasarkan kekuatan dalil
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