Konsep Makkiyah dan Madaniyah dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Konseptual, Linguistik, dan Relevansinya bagi Kehidupan Kontemporer

Abstract

The study of Makkiyah and Madaniyah constitutes a fundamental aspect of ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, playing a crucial role in understanding the context of revelation, linguistic characteristics, and the normative purposes of Qur’anic verses. However, previous studies have largely examined Makkiyah and Madaniyah in a fragmented manner, focusing separately on conceptual, linguistic, or social dimensions. This article aims to provide an integrative analysis of Makkiyah and Madaniyah by linking their conceptual foundations, linguistic features, and relevance to contemporary life. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods, drawing on classical and contemporary literature in ‘Ulūm al-Qur’ān, Arabic linguistics, and Qur’anic studies. The findings indicate that Makkiyah and Madaniyah function not merely as historical classifications, but as epistemological frameworks reflecting stages in the construction of Qur’anic discourse—from the formation of theological and moral consciousness to the institutionalization of these values within social structures. From a linguistic perspective, the distinct styles of Makkiyah and Madaniyah verses demonstrate an adaptive communicative strategy tailored to the social context of their audiences. In contemporary terms, an integrative understanding of Makkiyah and Madaniyah contributes to the development of a balanced religious paradigm that harmonizes spiritual and social dimensions. This study underscores the significance of Makkiyah and Madaniyah as a hermeneutical paradigm for contextual and socially relevant interpretations of the Qur’an.