Analisis Akad Kerja Sama Pengelolaan Lahan Mappatesang dalam Tinjauan Fiqih Mu’amalah di Kabupaten Takalar

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the practice of agricultural land management cooperation known as mappatesang in Pa’rasangan Beru Village, Takalar Regency, and to examine its conformity with the principles of fiqh mu‘amalah. The mappatesang practice is a form of cooperation between landowners and cultivators that has been carried out for generations based on local customary traditions. However, in its implementation, several issues are still found, such as unclear contracts, profit-sharing systems, and the rights and obligations of the parties, which have the potential to create injustice and conflict. This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving landowners, cultivators, and village government officials. The data were analyzed descriptively to describe the actual practice of mappatesang in the community and to compare it with the provisions of the mukhabarah contract in fiqh mu‘amalah, including its pillars, conditions, and the principle of justice in profit-sharing. The results of the study indicate that the mappatesang cooperation practice in Pa’rasangan Beru Village is essentially similar to the mukhabarah contract; however, it has not fully complied with the principles of fiqh mu‘amalah. Several aspects, such as contract clarity, profit-sharing arrangements, and written agreements, still need improvement to prevent losses to either party. Therefore, efforts are needed to socialize and educate the community regarding mukhabarah contracts in accordance with Islamic law while preserving local wisdom, so that a fair, lawful, and sustainable cooperation can be achieved.