Ragam Metodologi Penelitian Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Dari Klasik hingga Kontemporer

Abstract

This study examines the diverse methodologies of Qur’anic interpretation by tracing their transformation from the classical to the contemporary period. It employs a qualitative approach through library research, drawing on classical, modern, and contemporary Qur’anic commentaries and academic literature on tafsir methodology and epistemology. The data are analyzed descriptively and comparatively by examining interpretive sources, approaches, analytical instruments, and methodological orientations. The findings indicate that classical tafsir was primarily grounded in transmitted reports, linguistic analysis, jurisprudence, theology, and rational reasoning. Modern tafsir expanded these foundations through rationalization, social reform, and contextualization of Qur’anic messages. Contemporary interpretation further developed through hermeneutics, maqāṣid-based approaches, historical-social analysis, gender perspectives, and interdisciplinary methods. This transformation does not represent a linear replacement of earlier methodologies, but rather a process of continuity, critique, and epistemological reconstruction. The study argues that contemporary Qur’anic research requires a methodological framework capable of connecting textual foundations with historical contexts, theoretical perspectives, and contemporary realities. Such methodological development allows Qur’anic studies to remain rooted in its intellectual heritage while responding critically to emerging social and scholarly challenges.