Studi komparatif metode qowa'id wa tarjamah dan metode komunikatif dalam literatur kontemporer
Keywords:
Metode Qawa’id wa Tarjamah, Metode Komunikatif, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Studi Komparatif, Literatur KontemporerAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi komparatif antara metode Qawa’id wa Tarjamah (Q&T) dan metode komunikatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab di perguruan tinggi, dengan fokus pada literatur kontemporer lima tahun terakhir. Rendahnya kemampuan komunikatif aktif mahasiswa bahasa Arab menjadi problematika utama yang dihadapi institusi pendidikan. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi pustaka (library research) komparatif, penelitian ini menganalisis 30 artikel jurnal terindeks SINTA dan Scopus periode 2019-2024. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar analisis kontrak dan matriks komparasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Q&T unggul dalam aspek akurasi gramatikal dan penguasaan struktur (dengan rerata peningkatan pemahaman qawa’id mencapai 78%), namun lemah dalam pengembangan kelancaran berbicara spontan. Sebaliknya, metode komunikatif menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi dalam maharah kalam dan istima’ (peningkatan rerata 82% pada aspek interaksi), tetapi cenderung mengabaikan presisi nahwu dan sharaf. Literatur kontemporer merekomendasikan integrasi eklektik kedua metode melalui pendekatan berbasis tugas (task-based language teaching) yang memanfaatkan media digital sebagai jembatan. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa tidak ada metode tunggal yang superior secara absolut; efektivitas sangat bergantung pada tujuan pembelajaran, konteks institusional, dan karakteristik pembelajar. Implikasi praktis mencakup redesain kurikulum integratif dan pelatihan dosen dalam pendekatan hibrida.
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