Pedagogi Kritis Peter McLaren dan Ketimpangan Digital dalam Pendidikan Masyarakat Majemuk Indonesia
Keywords:
Kata Kunci: Pedagogi kritis; Keadilan digital; Literasi digital kritis; Pendidikan multikultural; Pendidikan Agama IslamAbstract
ABSTRAK
Transformasi digital dalam pendidikan Indonesia menghadirkan peluang perluasan akses pembelajaran, tetapi pada saat yang sama memperlihatkan ketimpangan dalam akses teknologi, kapasitas digital, kualitas pemanfaatan pengetahuan, dan representasi sosial-budaya. Kondisi tersebut menjadi persoalan penting dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk, khususnya bagi Pendidikan Agama Islam yang berhadapan dengan perubahan pola produksi dan distribusi pengetahuan di ruang digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketimpangan digital dalam pendidikan Indonesia melalui perspektif pedagogi kritis Peter McLaren serta merumuskan arah pendidikan digital yang lebih adil, inklusif, dan emansipatoris. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen melalui sintesis kritis terhadap literatur mengenai ketimpangan digital, pendidikan digital, pendidikan multikultural, literasi digital, dan Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan digital bersifat multidimensional dan tidak berhenti pada persoalan kepemilikan perangkat atau konektivitas, tetapi mencakup kemampuan menggunakan teknologi, kualitas akses terhadap pengetahuan, kapasitas institusi pendidikan, serta representasi keragaman sosial dan budaya. Perspektif McLaren memperlihatkan bahwa digitalisasi pendidikan dapat mereproduksi ketimpangan melalui relasi kuasa dan distribusi pengetahuan yang tidak setara, tetapi juga dapat menjadi ruang resistensi dan transformasi apabila peserta didik ditempatkan sebagai subjek kritis. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan digital yang berkeadilan memerlukan pergeseran dari pemerataan akses menuju keadilan digital, dari konsumsi informasi menuju produksi pengetahuan.
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